Archive Assistant Career Path Guide

An Archive Assistant plays a crucial role in supporting the preservation, organization, and accessibility of records and historical documents. This role involves handling collections, cataloging materials, assisting with digitization efforts, and ensuring that valuable information is systematically maintained for future research and reference within libraries, museums, government institutions, and private organizations.

growth rate

$38,500

median salary

remote-friendly

📈 Market Demand

Low

High

The demand for Archive Assistants is currently low due to digitization trends reducing physical archive needs, though some demand remains in organizations maintaining historical records and legal compliance.

🇺🇸 Annual Salary (US, USD)

32,000—45,000

Median: $38,500

Entry-Level: $33,950
Mid-Level: $38,500
Senior-Level: $43,050

Top 10% of earners in this field can expect salaries starting from $45,000+ per year, especially with specialized skills in high-demand areas.

Core Functions of the Archive Assistant Role

Archive Assistants are the backbone of archival departments, often responsible for the meticulous care of various collections including manuscripts, photographs, maps, audiovisual materials, and digital records. Their work ensures these materials remain well-preserved and accessible, often serving researchers, historians, or organizational staff who require accurate and timely information retrieval.

They often work closely with Archivists and Records Managers, assisting with the cataloging and processing of new acquisitions. This involves assessing the condition of materials, following strict handling protocols, and applying standardized classification systems. Beyond physical care, many Archive Assistants contribute to digitization projects, using specialized scanners and software to create accessible electronic versions of fragile items.

Attention to detail is paramount in this profession, as misplaced or improperly stored documents can cause significant research disruptions. Archive Assistants also contribute to creating finding aids, indexes, and metadata to facilitate efficient searchability. Communication skills come into play when supporting patrons or colleagues in locating information, as well as when contributing to outreach and educational displays that highlight collection significance.

Their responsibilities continue to evolve with the rapid expansion of digital archives and increasing importance of data preservation. Familiarity with digital asset management systems and an understanding of metadata standards are becoming essential competencies, enabling Archive Assistants to bridge the gap between traditional archival work and modern technological practices.

While the role can involve routine tasks such as shelving or basic conservation work, Archive Assistants often find satisfaction in the intellectual engagement that comes from contributing to historical preservation and organizational knowledge management. Their work supports a diverse range of sectors including academia, public libraries, cultural heritage organizations, law enforcement, and corporate sectors maintaining important legal or historical records.

Key Responsibilities
Assist in the acquisition, accessioning, and processing of archival materials including paper documents, photographs, audiovisual media, and digital files.
Organize, catalog, and index collections using standardized archival descriptions and metadata standards such as DACS (Describing Archives: A Content Standard) or EAD (Encoded Archival Description).
Support digitization initiatives by preparing materials for scanning, operating digitization equipment, and quality checking digital copies.
Maintain and update archival databases and electronic records management systems to ensure accurate inventory control and accessibility.
Perform routine preservation tasks such as cleaning, minor repairs, and protective housing of physical documents, following conservation best practices.
Retrieve materials in support of researchers, staff, and public inquiries while maintaining strict protocols for handling sensitive or fragile collections.
Create finding aids, indexes, and descriptive guides to improve access and usability of collections.
Assist in monitoring environmental conditions within storage areas to protect archives from damage due to humidity, temperature fluctuations, or light exposure.
Coordinate with colleagues to maintain security and prevent unauthorized access to restricted or sensitive archival materials.
Support outreach activities including exhibitions, educational programs, or publications that promote archival collections and heritage.
Assist in inventory audits and stock-taking efforts to verify completeness and condition of holdings.
Collaborate on the development and implementation of policies for records retention and digital preservation.
Help maintain professional standards in archival management through continuous training and staying updated on emerging trends and technologies.
Manage physical logistics such as shelving, boxing, and transporting materials within and between facilities.
Contribute to records destruction programs by accurately identifying materials eligible for disposal in compliance with legal and institutional regulations.

Work Setting

Archive Assistants typically work in quiet, controlled environments such as libraries, museums, government offices, or corporate archives. These spaces are designed for careful document handling with specialized furniture and environmental controls that minimize risks from dust, humidity, or ultraviolet light. The atmosphere is often calm and detail-oriented, requiring focus and patience during repetitive or delicate tasks.

Workspaces usually include access to computers and archival software, scanning and photographic equipment, and physical storage units such as compact shelving and acid-free boxes. Archives can sometimes be housed in historic buildings or modern archival centers designed specifically for preservation needs.

While the job is predominantly indoors and sedentary, it may require lifting moderately heavy boxes or traveling within large facilities. Archive Assistants often work regular business hours but may need to be flexible when supporting research needs or special projects. Collaboration with colleagues and assisting researchers means the role blends independent work with some interpersonal communication.

The advent of remote work technologies has influenced archival institutions differently; physical handling is inherently on-site, but responsibilities such as metadata entry or digital cataloging can sometimes be adapted for flexible work arrangements depending on organizational policies. However, in-person access to materials and equipment remains central to the role's core functions.

Tech Stack

Integrated Library Systems (ILS) such as ArchivesSpace or AtoM
Digital Asset Management Systems (DAMS)
Standard office software (Microsoft Office Suite, Google Workspace)
Digitization equipment including flatbed and overhead scanners
Metadata standards: DACS, EAD, MARC21
Data entry and cataloging software
Preservation supplies (acid-free folders, boxes, sleeves)
Barcode scanners and labeling machines
Photography equipment for archival documentation
Content Management Systems (CMS)
Digital file management and backup solutions
Basic image editing tools (Adobe Photoshop, GIMP)
Records management systems (RMS)
Environmental monitoring tools (humidity & temperature sensors)
Communication tools (email platforms, internal chat software)
Inventory management software
Cloud storage platforms for digital archives
PDF management software for handling documents
Security systems for controlled archive access

Skills and Qualifications

Education Level

The entry point into the role of Archive Assistant typically requires at least a high school diploma or equivalent. However, many employers favor candidates with postsecondary education in history, library science, archival studies, information management, or related fields. Associate degrees or bachelor’s degrees provide foundational knowledge that substantially enriches an applicant’s understanding of archival principles and practices.

Professional training in archival methods, records management, or digital preservation enhances job readiness. Certain roles may require or prefer candidates pursuing formal certifications such as the Academy of Certified Archivists (ACA) certification or specialized courses in archival description and preservation techniques. Undergraduate coursework that includes research methods, cataloging standards, or data management can also be pertinent.

Employers value demonstrated familiarity with archival software tools, metadata schemas, and preservation standards. Some positions require hands-on experience gained through internships, volunteer work, or previous roles in archives, libraries, museums, or records offices.

Continuing education is often necessary given the growing importance of digital media and evolving archival technologies. Proactive learning in digital curation, digitization workflows, and records retention legislation helps Archive Assistants remain competitive and effective in their roles.

In summary, education requirements range from high school diplomas with hands-on experience to bachelor’s or associate degrees supplemented by targeted training, depending on the complexity of materials managed and the institution’s size and specialization.

Tech Skills

Archival cataloging and classification
Metadata standards: DACS, EAD, MARC21
Use of archival management software (ArchivesSpace, AtoM)
Digitization techniques and scanner operation
Digital asset management (DAM) fundamentals
Microfilm and microfiche handling
Basic conservation and preservation methods
Knowledge of records retention schedules and compliance
Creating finding aids and indexes
Database management and data entry accuracy
Use of Microsoft Office and Google Workspace
Basic photo editing for archival materials
Document handling and preventive care
Environmental monitoring practices
Filing, labelling, and inventory control

Soft Abilities

Strong attention to detail
Excellent organizational skills
Effective verbal and written communication
Patience and methodical working style
Team collaboration
Problem-solving
Confidentiality and discretion
Adaptability to new technologies
Customer service and research assistance
Time management and multitasking

Path to Archive Assistant

Beginning a career as an Archive Assistant involves a combination of formal education, practical experience, and developing both technical and soft skills. Many start by earning a high school diploma or equivalent before pursuing postsecondary education in fields related to archival science, library studies, history, or information management.

Entry-level positions often require gaining direct experience within archival or records management settings. This can be achieved through internships, volunteering at museums or libraries, or part-time roles that allow immersion in cataloging, digitization, and preservation processes. Practical exposure builds familiarity with archival standards, materials handling, and software platforms critical to the role.

Simultaneously, prospective Archive Assistants should focus on mastering essential skills such as attention to detail, archival description, and database management. Acquiring proficiency in archival management systems like ArchivesSpace or AtoM through workshops or self-directed learning greatly improves employability.

Certification, while not always mandatory, is highly valuable. The Academy of Certified Archivists offers professional credentials that signal expertise and commitment to archival best practices. Additionally, online courses and short-term training programs available through professional associations or universities can enhance knowledge in digital preservation, metadata, and records management.

Networking by attending archival conferences, joining professional bodies such as the Society of American Archivists, and connecting with experienced archivists can open doors to job opportunities and mentorship.

Once employed, Archive Assistants should actively seek continuing education opportunities and specialize in areas such as digital archives or conservation to advance their careers. Strong communication, organizational ability, and technological competence remain paramount for success and progression.

This career path rewards patience and precision, with increasing digital influence broadening the scope of responsibilities. By combining education, experience, and ongoing skill development, an Archive Assistant can grow from entry-level roles to more senior archival management positions.

Required Education

Education for Archive Assistants usually starts with obtaining a high school diploma or equivalent as a minimum requirement. Those aiming for more competitive positions often pursue associate’s or bachelor’s degrees in disciplines such as history, library science, information science, archival studies, or museum studies. These degree programs typically include coursework that covers archival theory, cataloging, records management, historical research methods, and digital technologies that support modern archival practice.

Many universities now offer specialized certificate programs focused exclusively on archival management and preservation. These programs provide targeted instruction on arrangement and description standards, preservation techniques, legal and ethical issues, and the use of archival software.

Hands-on training is crucial within formal education frameworks, so many programs incorporate internships or practicum opportunities within archives or libraries. Students gain direct experience with material handling, digitization procedures, and search tools.

Various professional organizations such as the Society of American Archivists (SAA) offer continuing education workshops, webinars, and certification programs. The Academy of Certified Archivists (ACA) certification is one of the most recognized credentials in the field, signifying adherence to professional archival standards.

The evolving digital landscape encourages Archive Assistants to continuously enhance skills related to digital preservation, metadata application, and digital records management. Understanding technologies such as cloud storage, digital forensics, and electronic records systems complements traditional paper-based archival knowledge.

Employers also value training in preservation materials, environmental controls, and compliance with government records retention laws. Regularly updating knowledge about emerging archival tools and methods helps Archive Assistants remain proficient and competitive in an increasingly technology-driven field.

Career Path Tiers

Junior Archive Assistant

Experience: 0-2 years

At the junior level, Archive Assistants primarily focus on learning foundational archival techniques including material handling, basic cataloging, and data entry into archival databases. Responsibilities involve assisting with the organization and digitization of collections under supervision, preparing documents for preservation, and supporting day-to-day administrative tasks. Expectations include developing a solid understanding of archival policies, gaining familiarity with common tools and technologies, and demonstrating careful attention to detail. This stage is heavily focused on skill acquisition and adapting to the structured processes necessary to preserve and manage records effectively.

Mid-level Archive Assistant

Experience: 3-5 years

Mid-level professionals take on greater responsibility for the processing and description of collections, often managing small projects or portions of larger archival efforts independently. They are expected to have proficient knowledge of archival standards, metadata application, and digitization workflows. This tier involves more frequent interaction with patrons or researchers, providing guidance and support. Archive Assistants at this stage contribute to finding aid creation, handle basic preservation challenges, and may help train junior staff or volunteers. Strong organizational skills and the ability to troubleshoot day-to-day archival challenges become key expectations.

Senior Archive Assistant

Experience: 6+ years

Senior Archive Assistants act as subject matter experts within archival teams, overseeing complex processing projects and playing a consultative role in preservation strategies. They often coordinate digitization initiatives, recommend improvements to archival systems, and work closely with Archivists or Records Managers on policy implementation. This level demands excellent technical skills, deep familiarity with archival law and ethics, and leadership qualities. They might supervise junior staff and serve as liaisons to external stakeholders or researchers with complex inquiries. Strategic thinking and project management skills are essential to navigate evolving archival challenges.

Global Outlook

Archive Assistants can find global career opportunities across diverse sectors including government archives, cultural heritage institutions, corporate archival units, universities, and museums. Countries with rich historical legacies such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Australia, and Japan maintain extensive archival networks requiring skilled assistants to manage and preserve their vast collections.

In North America and Europe, well-funded institutions often offer structured career ladders with defined qualifications and opportunities for advancement. The digital transformation of archives across these regions has created demand for assistants with combined traditional archival knowledge and digital competencies.

Emerging economies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America are increasingly recognizing the importance of preserving national heritage and corporate records, leading to expanded archival infrastructure and the associated need for trained personnel. Multinational corporations headquartered in major cities also maintain corporate archives to manage legal, historical, and compliance records, offering additional avenues for work.

International organizations like UNESCO and the International Council on Archives facilitate global cooperation that may provide consulting or collaborative roles for skilled professionals.

Language skills, cultural awareness, and familiarity with international archival standards enhance an Archive Assistant’s employability on global platforms. Work environments can vary from highly digitized modern facilities to historic archives requiring specialized conservation knowledge.

The global job market increasingly values adaptability and lifelong learning as archival practices continue to evolve. Participation in international professional bodies and conferences broadens perspectives and access to advanced methodologies.

Travel opportunities sometimes arise for those involved in special projects or digitization initiatives across countries, allowing professionals to contribute to the global preservation of cultural heritage.

Emerging technologies such as AI-assisted cataloging and blockchain in recordkeeping spell exciting prospects for global Archive Assistants willing to embrace innovation and cross-cultural collaboration.

Job Market Today

Role Challenges

One significant challenge facing Archive Assistants is balancing the traditional hands-on care of physical materials with the rapid expansion of digital records. Managing hybrid archives requires continual learning and flexibility as digital preservation techniques evolve quickly and demand new skills. Limited budgets in public institutions often constrain resources, leading to understaffing and increasing workloads. Fragile or rare materials may require specialized conservation knowledge, increasing pressure on staff who may not have formal training in preservation. Additionally, navigating the complexities of legal compliance, privacy issues, and access restrictions can complicate daily tasks. The need for comprehensive knowledge across physical and digital platforms and fluctuating funding landscapes contributes to job stress and the necessity for ongoing professional development.

Growth Paths

Growth in the archival field is closely tied to the increasing recognition of information preservation's value in legal, historical, cultural, and corporate contexts. The shift toward digital archives presents exciting opportunities for Archive Assistants to specialize in digital curation, metadata architecture, and electronic records management. Institutions are expanding digitization projects, requiring technically proficient staff to support these initiatives. Moreover, increased public interest in genealogy and local history drives demand for well-maintained, accessible archives. Roles are growing in nonprofit organizations, private corporations, and government agencies dedicated to open data and transparency. There is also an uptick in outreach and educational program involvement, enabling Archive Assistants to develop public-facing skills. Continuous technological innovation and evolving compliance requirements make lifelong learning a pathway for upward mobility.

Industry Trends

The archival profession is undergoing transformation due to the digitization of massive volumes of data and documents. Automated metadata extraction, AI-assisted indexing, and cloud-based digital repositories are rapidly becoming industry norms. Increased emphasis on digital preservation standards and cybersecurity highlights the need for archive staff to be technologically adept. Open access initiatives encourage institutions to develop user-friendly online portals, making accessibility a key focus. Additionally, archives are incorporating social justice perspectives, reexamining collections with cultural sensitivity and expanding representation. Environmental sustainability is influencing preservation methods, promoting energy-efficient storage solutions. Collaboration between archivists, IT professionals, and digital humanities scholars is becoming increasingly common, blending interdisciplinary approaches. Finally, hybrid work models are making some components of archival work more flexible but maintaining physical care remains non-negotiable.

A Day in the Life

Morning (9:00 AM - 12:00 PM)

Focus: Material Processing & Cataloging

Review incoming archival donations or transfers and record accession information.
Prepare documents and objects for processing by cleaning, labeling, and boxing as per standards.
Input detailed metadata and description into archival management systems.
Begin creation or update of finding aids to enhance collection accessibility.

Afternoon (12:00 PM - 3:00 PM)

Focus: Digitization & Preservation Support

Operate scanning equipment to digitize photographs, manuscripts, or maps with accuracy.
Perform quality assurance checks on digital files and manage digital storage.
Conduct minor preservation tasks such as protective housing and environmental monitoring.
Respond to internal or public inquiries about archival materials.

Late Afternoon (3:00 PM - 5:00 PM)

Focus: Collaboration & Administrative Duties

Assist colleagues with research requests or preparation for exhibitions and outreach events.
Update inventory and shelving to maintain order in storage areas.
Attend team meetings or training sessions on new archival practices or software.
Document procedural developments or report condition issues to supervisors.

Work-Life Balance & Stress

Stress Level: Moderate

Balance Rating: Good

The role of Archive Assistant generally offers manageable stress levels, with periods of focused attention and routine tasks balancing moments of increased demand, such as during special projects or digitization drives. The work environment is typically stable and predictable, helping employees maintain good work-life balance. However, limited staffing or resource constraints can occasionally lead to heavier workloads. Deadlines related to grant-funded projects or research access requests may add short bursts of pressure. Institutions increasingly recognize the importance of employee well-being and often provide supportive scheduling flexibility and professional development opportunities.

Skill Map

This map outlines the core competencies and areas for growth in this profession, showing how foundational skills lead to specialized expertise.

Foundational Skills

Core competencies every Archive Assistant must master to perform basic archival responsibilities effectively.

Material Handling & Preservation Basics
Archival Description and Cataloging
Data Entry & Database Management
Attention to Detail

Digital Archival Skills

Specialized abilities that enable management and preservation of digital records and support digitization projects.

Digital Scanning & Quality Control
Metadata Standards (EAD, DACS, MARC21)
Digital Asset Management Systems (DAMS)
Basic Photo Editing for Archives

Professional & Interpersonal Skills

Essential soft skills and professional tools necessary for working effectively within archival teams and serving users.

Effective Communication
Team Collaboration
Time Management
Problem Solving

Regulatory & Compliance Knowledge

Understanding legal and ethical frameworks that govern archival practices.

Records Retention Policies
Privacy and Confidentiality Protocols
Copyright and Intellectual Property Awareness
Security and Access Controls

Pros & Cons for Archive Assistant

✅ Pros

Opportunity to contribute to preserving cultural, historical, and organizational heritage.
Work environment tends to be quiet, organized, and safe.
Growing integration of digital technologies offers dynamic career learning.
Variety of sectors from government to private business expands job options.
Hands-on work with unique collections offers intellectual engagement.
Generally offers predictable hours conducive to stable work-life balance.

❌ Cons

Physical handling of delicate materials can be physically demanding.
Budget constraints in many institutions may limit staff and resources.
Rapid technological change requires constant upskilling.
Repetitive tasks like filing and scanning can become monotonous.
Limited remote work potential due to nature of physical collections.
Sometimes strict rules for access and handling can feel restrictive.

Common Mistakes of Beginners

Underestimating the importance of meticulous documentation leading to errors in cataloging.
Improper handling of fragile materials resulting in unintended damage.
Failing to learn or keep updated with evolving metadata standards.
Neglecting to back up digital files adequately, risking data loss.
Overlooking environmental factors affecting storage conditions.
Limited proactive communication with team members causing workflow issues.
Rushing through digitization processes without thorough quality checks.
Not maintaining confidentiality and security protocols strictly.

Contextual Advice

Develop a strong habit of detailed note-taking for all materials handled.
Seek internships or volunteer positions early to gain practical skills.
Stay informed of international archival standards and digital trends.
Practice extreme care and patience with physical collections to avoid damage.
Build proficiency with archival software and digital preservation tools.
Network within professional archival organizations for mentorship and opportunities.
Ask questions regularly and engage with senior archivists for best practices.
Prioritize continuous learning to adapt smoothly to technological changes.

Examples and Case Studies

Transforming a Historic Newspaper Archive Digitally

An Archive Assistant at a regional library played a key role in a multi-year project to digitize a complete collection of local newspapers dating back to the 1800s. They prepared fragile documents for scanning, operated high-resolution scanners, and validated the digital files for clarity and completeness. By applying standardized metadata and assisting in the creation of an online searchable portal, the assistant helped open this invaluable resource to global researchers, improving preservation and public accessibility.

Key Takeaway: Effective digitization combined with meticulous cataloging can dramatically enhance archival discoverability and long-term preservation.

Supporting a Government Records Compliance Initiative

A mid-level Archive Assistant in a municipal archive assisted in auditing and reorganizing government records to comply with updated retention legislation. Responsibilities included identifying materials eligible for secure destruction, rearranging storage layouts for optimized retrieval, and training junior staff on new tracking software. Their work ensured both legal compliance and efficient use of limited storage space.

Key Takeaway: Understanding legal frameworks and collaborating within teams are crucial for institutional archival integrity.

Improving User Experience in a University Archive

Working in a university archives, a Senior Archive Assistant helped redesign the archival database’s search functions and created detailed finding aids. Offering instructional sessions for researchers on navigating archival tools enhanced public engagement. The assistant also advised on preservation upgrades to protect rare collections from environmental damage.

Key Takeaway: Enhancing access tools and proactive communication strengthens the role of archives in supporting research and education.

Portfolio Tips

Though Archive Assistants may not typically develop traditional creative portfolios, assembling a professional portfolio showcasing key projects and skills can greatly enhance job prospects. Include detailed descriptions of project involvement such as digitization initiatives, cataloging efforts, and contributions to finding aids or database upgrades. Incorporate examples of metadata schemas applied, scanning resolutions attained, or preservation techniques learned to demonstrate technical competence.

Visual documentation can be effective as well, including photographs of properly handled and housed archival materials (with institutional permission), before and after conservation work, or screenshots illustrating use of archival software systems. Highlight any presentations, workshops, or training you have contributed to or completed that showcase ongoing professional growth.

A well-organized digital portfolio or website can also feature testimonials from supervisors or colleagues attesting to your accuracy, reliability, and teamwork. Tailor the portfolio content to the type of institution or sector you are targeting, focusing on relevant collections or technologies.

Make sure to underline your adaptability to emerging technologies as digital archives become central. Portfolio content emphasizing your experience with digital asset management, compliance with archival standards, and creative problem-solving will set you apart.

Present your professionalism through clear, jargon-free language accompanied by concise explanations of specialized terms where necessary. Keeping your portfolio updated with new certifications, completed projects, and refined skills will position you strongly for career advancement or specialized roles.

Job Outlook & Related Roles

Growth Rate: 8%
Status: Growing at an average rate
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Related Roles

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between an Archive Assistant and an Archivist?

An Archive Assistant typically supports the Archivist by performing routine tasks such as cataloging, digitization, and material handling. Archivists usually hold advanced degrees, take on responsibility for collection development, policy-making, and overall management of archival programs. Assistant roles are more focused on operational support, whereas Archivists engage in strategic planning and research facilitation.

Do Archive Assistants need to know how to use specialized software?

Yes, familiarity with archival management software such as ArchivesSpace or AtoM, metadata standards (EAD, DACS), and digital asset management tools is increasingly essential. Many institutions provide on-the-job training, but prior basic knowledge greatly improves employability.

Is this job physically demanding?

While not typically strenuous, the role can involve lifting and moving boxes of materials, and handling fragile documents carefully. Good physical condition and safe handling techniques help prevent injury and material damage.

Can this role be performed remotely?

Due to the physical nature of managing archival collections, remote work options for Archive Assistants are limited. However, tasks such as metadata entry or digital cataloging may sometimes be done remotely on a case-by-case basis.

What are common career advancement opportunities for Archive Assistants?

Advancement typically involves moving into Archivist positions or specializing in digital preservation, records management, or conservation. Further education, certifications, and experience leading projects enhance promotion prospects.

Are there professional certifications for Archive Assistants?

While no specific certifications exist solely for assistant roles, certifications like the Academy of Certified Archivists (ACA) benefit those seeking advancement. Short-term courses and workshops in digital archives and metadata standards provide useful credentials for assistants.

How important are soft skills in this profession?

Soft skills such as attention to detail, patience, communication, and teamwork are vital. Archive Assistants often collaborate with researchers and colleagues, making interpersonal skills essential for success.

What challenges does digitization bring to archival work?

Digitization demands technical proficiency, high accuracy, and thorough quality control. Managing electronic files introduces concerns about digital preservation, file formats, and system compatibility, requiring continual staff training.

What types of organizations employ Archive Assistants?

Archive Assistants are employed in a broad range of settings including government archives, universities, public libraries, museums, corporate archives, nonprofit organizations, and cultural heritage institutions.

Are internships important for entering this field?

Internships and volunteer experiences are extremely valuable, providing hands-on practice and networking that can lead to paid employment. Many entry-level positions expect candidates to have practical archival exposure.