Demand Planner Career Path Guide

A Demand Planner plays a critical role in forecasting product demand to optimize inventory management, production schedules, and supply chain operations. By analyzing historical sales data, market trends, and external factors, they help businesses align supply with customer demand, reducing excess stock and minimizing shortages.

growth rate

$77,500

median salary

remote-friendly

📈 Market Demand

Low

High

The demand is currently high, driven by the growth of e-commerce and the need for data-driven optimization across global supply chains. Organizations are investing in advanced analytics and cloud technologies to enhance forecasting accuracy, increasing the need for skilled Demand Planners.

🇺🇸 Annual Salary (US, USD)

60,000—95,000

Median: $77,500

Entry-Level: $65,250
Mid-Level: $77,500
Senior-Level: $89,750

Top 10% of earners in this field can expect salaries starting from $95,000+ per year, especially with specialized skills in high-demand areas.

Core Functions of the Demand Planner Role

Demand Planners operate at the intersection of data analytics, supply chain management, and strategic business operations. Their primary responsibility is to develop accurate demand forecasts that guide a company’s production and inventory decisions. This involves collecting data from various sources such as sales history, market intelligence, promotional plans, and seasonality factors. Demand Planners then leverage statistical methods and forecasting software to create predictive models that anticipate customer demand over short, medium, and long-term horizons.

Collaboration is a cornerstone of the role. Demand Planners coordinate closely with procurement, manufacturing, sales, marketing, and finance teams to ensure alignment around demand forecasts and business objectives. This cross-functional teamwork enables them to incorporate insights from each department into their analyses, improving forecast accuracy and responsiveness to market changes.

Technology plays a vital role in the modern Demand Planner’s toolkit. Advanced analytics platforms, machine learning models, and cloud-based supply chain planning tools are increasingly common. This technological foundation enables real-time data access, scenario planning, and collaborative forecasting – capabilities essential in today's fast-paced global markets.

The strategic impact of a Demand Planner cannot be overstated. Effective demand planning minimizes stockouts and overstocks, improves customer satisfaction through better product availability, and contributes directly to cost savings and profitability. By forecasting demand with precision, companies can better manage working capital, optimize production cycles, and respond quickly to shifts in consumer behavior or market disruptions.

Key Responsibilities
Analyze historical sales data and external market factors to forecast product demand accurately.
Develop and maintain statistical forecasting models using specialized software.
Collaborate with sales, marketing, procurement, and production teams to gather inputs for demand planning.
Monitor inventory levels and production schedules to align supply with forecasted demand.
Create reports and dashboards to communicate forecast results and variances to key stakeholders.
Conduct scenario and sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of market changes on demand.
Revise forecasts on a regular cadence based on updated information and trends.
Implement and optimize demand planning software tools and processes.
Assist in the development of sales and operations planning (S&OP) strategies.
Identify risks and opportunities related to demand variability and supply constraints.
Evaluate the impact of promotions, product launches, and seasonality on sales forecasts.
Maintain data accuracy and integrity in planning systems.
Support inventory optimization and reduce excess stock through efficient demand management.
Train and mentor junior planners or team members on forecasting methodologies.
Engage with suppliers and logistics partners to align demand forecasts with supply chain capabilities.

Work Setting

Demand Planners typically work in office settings within manufacturing companies, retail corporations, third-party logistics providers, or specialized supply chain consulting firms. Work involves extensive use of computers and collaboration with cross-functional teams, often in fast-paced environments where deadlines and accuracy are critical. While much of the work is data-centric, frequent meetings and coordination calls are necessary to reconcile forecasts with sales and operations teams. The role may occasionally involve travel to visit suppliers, production facilities, or attend industry conferences. Remote work is becoming more common given advanced cloud-based planning tools, but close coordination with internal teams often requires some in-person presence.

Tech Stack

SAP Integrated Business Planning (IBP)
Oracle Demantra
JDA Demand Planning
Microsoft Excel (advanced functions and VBA)
Tableau
Power BI
SQL and database management
R for statistical analysis
Python (for forecasting and data manipulation)
Anaplan
Demand Works Smoothie
QlikView
Google Sheets and Google Data Studio
SAS Forecasting
Kinaxis RapidResponse
IBM Planning Analytics (TM1)
Forecast Pro
Blue Yonder (formerly JDA Software)
Cloud-based ERP systems
Salesforce (integration for sales data)

Skills and Qualifications

Education Level

Most Demand Planner positions require at least a bachelor’s degree, typically in fields like supply chain management, business administration, statistics, economics, or industrial engineering. A strong foundation in quantitative analysis and business principles is essential. Many employers prefer candidates with coursework in data analytics, operations research, and forecasting methods. Advanced roles may demand a master’s degree or relevant certifications. Practical experience with forecasting software, ERP systems, and data visualization tools substantially enhances a candidate’s profile. Continuous education, such as online courses or workshops in predictive analytics and machine learning, is valuable as these areas are rapidly evolving and increasingly integrated into demand planning.

Tech Skills

Demand forecasting techniques and statistical modeling
Proficiency in advanced Microsoft Excel (pivot tables, VBA macros)
Experience with ERP systems (SAP, Oracle, NetSuite)
Familiarity with supply chain planning software (IBP, JDA, Kinaxis)
Data analysis and visualization (Tableau, Power BI, QlikView)
SQL querying and database management
Programming in Python or R for data manipulation and forecasting
Inventory management concepts and software
Scenario planning and sensitivity analysis methods
Use of cloud-based collaboration platforms
Knowledge of sales and operations planning (S&OP) processes
Lean and Six Sigma concepts related to process improvement
Basic understanding of machine learning models in forecasting
Strong report writing and presentation skills
Workflow automation tools and macros

Soft Abilities

Analytical thinking and problem-solving
Effective communication and cross-team collaboration
Attention to detail and accuracy
Time management and ability to meet tight deadlines
Adaptability to changing business conditions
Critical thinking and decision-making
Negotiation and influencing skills
Resilience under pressure
Curiosity and willingness to learn new technologies
Team leadership and mentoring capabilities

Path to Demand Planner

Starting a career as a Demand Planner typically begins with obtaining a relevant bachelor's degree in supply chain management, business analytics, industrial engineering, or a related field. During your academic journey, focus on coursework that sharpens your quantitative and analytical abilities, such as statistics, operations research, and forecasting techniques. Gaining hands-on experience through internships or cooperative education placements in supply chain or procurement departments is invaluable and will help you build practical skills and industry connections.

Entry-level positions like demand planning analyst, supply chain analyst, or inventory coordinator provide a foundation from which to grow. Developing your proficiency with data analysis tools, ERP systems, and demand forecasting software during these roles will prepare you for full Demand Planner responsibilities. While on the job, continually seek to understand the end-to-end supply chain and business drivers behind demand fluctuations.

Earning industry-recognized certifications can significantly enhance career prospects. Programs like the APICS Certified in Planning and Inventory Management (CPIM), Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP), or certifications from the Institute of Supply Management (ISM) demonstrate commitment and expertise to employers.

Networking through professional organizations and attending supply chain conferences or workshops broadens your industry awareness and exposes you to emerging trends and technologies. As experience accumulates, aim to take on more complex forecasting projects, participate actively in cross-functional sales and operations planning, and lead improvement initiatives.

To excel in this field over the long term, staying current with data science advancements, machine learning integration, and cloud-based planning innovations is crucial. Many successful Demand Planners transition into roles like supply chain manager, operations director, or business analyst by leveraging their forecasting expertise.

Building strong communication skills that allow you to present data-driven insights clearly to stakeholders of varied backgrounds sets you apart. Demand planning is as much about influencing and collaboration as it is about technical analysis; therefore, developing a well-rounded professional profile makes career advancement more attainable.

Required Education

The foundational education path for becoming a Demand Planner is a bachelor's degree in a relevant discipline such as supply chain management, operations management, industrial engineering, statistics, or business analytics. Many universities now offer specialized programs focused on logistics and supply chain, which provide essential knowledge about forecasting, procurement, production, and distribution.

Complementing formal education with certifications significantly strengthens your qualifications. The APICS CPIM certification is widely respected and focuses specifically on demand management, production planning, and inventory control. Similarly, the Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP) certification broadens expertise across the supply chain and logistics ecosystem. Enrolling in shorter courses or bootcamps on data analysis and visualization tools such as Tableau, Power BI, or SQL can deliver practical skills that demand planners use daily.

Hands-on training through internships or cooperative education positions is invaluable for gaining real-world experience. Working alongside experienced demand planners exposes new professionals to forecasting software, business intelligence systems, and the collaborative processes integral to demand planning.

Increasingly, demand planners benefit from technical training in predictive analytics and machine learning. Platforms like Coursera, edX, or LinkedIn Learning provide courses tailored to business forecasting and data science. These skills assist planners in developing more sophisticated models and automating forecast updates.

On-the-job training often involves improving negotiation and communication skills to succeed in cross-functional collaboration and stakeholder management. Workshops or seminars on change management and project management prepare planners for leadership roles whether in managing a team or leading process improvement initiatives.

Continuing professional development is essential in this evolving field. Attending industry conferences such as the Gartner Supply Chain Symposium or APICS events offers exposure to cutting-edge trends and tools. Being proactive about learning and networking keeps demand planners competitive and adaptive to global supply chain dynamics.

Career Path Tiers

Junior Demand Planner

Experience: 0-2 years

Junior Demand Planners typically assist with data collection, basic statistical analyses, and updating forecast models under supervision. They focus on mastering foundational forecasting techniques and learning the company’s supply chain processes. Close collaboration with senior planners and other departments helps develop their understanding of demand drivers and business cycles. Responsibilities include preparing regular forecast reports, maintaining demand planning systems, and gaining proficiency in relevant software tools. Junior planners often handle smaller or less complex product segments as they build their skill sets.

Mid-Level Demand Planner

Experience: 3-5 years

At this stage, planners take full ownership of demand forecasting for assigned product lines or business units. They develop and refine statistical models, conduct scenario analyses, and work closely with marketing and sales teams to incorporate promotions and new product introductions into forecasts. Mid-level planners play an active role in sales and operations planning meetings, offering actionable insights to business leaders. They begin to mentor junior team members and contribute to process improvements, often leading projects aimed at increasing forecast accuracy and supply chain efficiency.

Senior Demand Planner

Experience: 6-9 years

Senior Demand Planners lead demand forecasting efforts for critical product portfolios or entire regions. They possess deep expertise in advanced forecasting techniques and data analytics, integrating multiple data sources to model complex demand patterns. Seniors drive collaboration between supply chain, finance, and commercial teams to align forecasts with strategic goals. They analyze market trends and competitive activity, advise on inventory strategy, and often manage relationships with external partners and suppliers. Leadership responsibilities include coaching junior planners, managing forecast validation processes, and contributing to high-level supply chain strategy.

Lead Demand Planner / Demand Planning Manager

Experience: 10+ years

Responsible for overseeing the entire demand planning function, Demand Planning Managers set forecasting policies, define key performance metrics, and ensure alignment with broader supply chain and business objectives. They lead a team of planners, cultivate partnerships across departments, and spearhead technology adoption and process optimization initiatives. Their work impacts multiple product lines, regions, or divisions, and requires strategic thinking coupled with strong leadership and communication skills. They often participate in executive-level planning and drive continuous improvement programs to maximize forecast reliability and supply chain performance.

Global Outlook

The demand planning profession offers expansive opportunities worldwide as businesses seek to streamline their supply chains amid increasingly complex global markets. North America, particularly the United States and Canada, hosts a robust demand planning job market fueled by large manufacturing hubs, retail giants, and advanced technology companies. Demand planners in this region benefit from access to cutting-edge software and a strong emphasis on supply chain innovation.

Europe, with its diverse industrial sectors spread across countries like Germany, the UK, France, and the Netherlands, provides abundant roles for demand planners. The European supply chains emphasize sustainability and lean practices, prompting demand planners to integrate environmental data and continuous improvement philosophies into their forecasts. Multilingual skills and cultural adaptability are pluses in this market.

Asia-Pacific represents some of the fastest-growing and most dynamic demand planning markets in the world. Countries like China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore are heavily manufacturing-oriented with vast consumer markets. These regions increasingly adopt advanced demand planning technologies and analytics-driven approaches, offering rich career growth for professionals proficient in digital tools and agile methodologies.

In emerging markets of Latin America and Africa, demand planning roles are expanding as multinational companies establish operations and local businesses grow their supply chain capabilities. However, these markets often require navigating less mature infrastructure, fluctuating demand, and unique regulatory environments, creating opportunities for planners who combine technical expertise with flexibility and problem-solving skills.

Cross-border knowledge and understanding of global trade practices enrich a demand planner’s profile, especially as companies manage multi-national supply chains. Fluency in English is widely necessary, while proficiency in regional languages and familiarity with local business customs are advantageous. Remote collaborations and global forecasting teams are common, enabling planners to contribute across geographies.

Overall, demand planners who stay current with international trends, data analytics innovations, and supply chain disruptions find numerous opportunities to build rewarding, globally diverse careers.

Job Market Today

Role Challenges

Demand Planners currently face several significant challenges driven by global supply chain disruptions, pandemic aftereffects, and rapidly changing consumer behaviors. Volatile demand patterns, caused by external shocks such as geopolitical tensions or raw material shortages, complicate forecasting accuracy. The integration of advanced analytics and machine learning requires continuous upskilling and adaptation to new tools. Aging data infrastructure in legacy systems and siloed organizational processes can also hinder insight generation. Planners often balance conflicting priorities from sales, procurement, and production teams, needing strong negotiation skills to resolve these tensions. Increased e-commerce growth and omnichannel retailing further amplify complexity, requiring agile forecasting approaches and rapid scenario adjustments.

Growth Paths

The rise in data availability and predictive analytics technologies offers exciting growth opportunities for Demand Planners. Businesses recognize forecasting’s critical role in resilience and profitability, increasing investment in demand planning functions. Cloud-based supply chain platforms and AI-powered forecasting models enable more precise, dynamic predictions, expanding the planner’s strategic influence. Growing emphasis on sustainability and circular supply chains opens new dimensions for demand analysis, integrating environmental data. Career pathways into supply chain leadership, data science, and operations management are increasingly accessible for planners who broaden their skill sets. Globalization and digital transformation create demand for planners fluent in technology and cross-border collaboration.

Industry Trends

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are transforming demand planning by automating data processing and enhancing forecast accuracy. Hybrid human-plus-technology models are becoming standard, where planners interpret algorithm outputs to adjust for qualitative business insights. There is a strong move towards integrated Business Planning (IBP) frameworks, linking demand forecasts directly with financial and operational plans. Cloud computing adoption allows real-time collaboration across departments and geographies, fostering responsiveness to market shifts. Additionally, sustainability considerations are gradually incorporated into forecasting to optimize resource use and waste reduction. Demand planners are also increasingly involved in scenario planning to prepare organizations for risks like supply chain disruptions or sudden demand spikes.

A Day in the Life

Morning (9:00 AM - 12:00 PM)

Focus: Data Review and Forecast Update

Analyze overnight sales and inventory data to assess demand trends.
Review forecast accuracy metrics and identify variances.
Update statistical models with newly available market and sales inputs.
Collaborate with sales and marketing teams on promotions impacting demand.
Prepare dashboard reports for daily demand status.

Afternoon (1:00 PM - 4:00 PM)

Focus: Cross-Functional Collaboration and Planning

Participate in Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) or cross-functional meetings.
Discuss demand forecast adjustments based on market intelligence.
Coordinate with procurement and production teams to align supply plans.
Conduct scenario analyses to evaluate risks or supply constraints.
Document assumptions and update stakeholders on forecast changes.

Late Afternoon (4:00 PM - 6:00 PM)

Focus: Process Improvement and Reporting

Develop process enhancements for forecasting workflows.
Work on automating data feeds and reporting tasks.
Train junior planners on forecasting best practices and software.
Review industry news and trends to incorporate relevant insights.
Prepare end-of-day summary reports for leadership.

Work-Life Balance & Stress

Stress Level: Moderate

Balance Rating: Good

The role’s stress level is generally moderate, dictated by deadlines for forecast submissions and the complexity of cross-functional coordination. While there are periodic high-pressure situations, such as during unexpected demand shifts or supply disruptions, most planners experience a balanced workload. Flexibility varies by company, with increasing adoption of remote work options improving balance. Effective time management and communication skills help planners maintain workload equilibrium. The position demands consistent attention to detail and problem-solving but usually allows for a predictable schedule.

Skill Map

This map outlines the core competencies and areas for growth in this profession, showing how foundational skills lead to specialized expertise.

Foundational Skills

The essential skills every Demand Planner must master to excel in data-driven forecasting and supply chain collaboration.

Data Analysis and Statistical Forecasting
Inventory Management Principles
Microsoft Excel Advanced Functions
Basic SQL for Data Retrieval
Effective Communication

Advanced Analytical Skills

Specialized competencies to develop deeper insights and predictive capabilities using technology.

Machine Learning Applications in Forecasting
Scenario Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis
Programming with Python or R for Analytics
Supply Chain Network Optimization

Tools and Professional Skills

Key tools and soft skills required to operate effectively in business environments and lead demand planning initiatives.

ERP Systems (SAP, Oracle)
Demand Planning Software (JDA, Kinaxis, IBP)
Data Visualization (Tableau, Power BI)
Project Management and Collaboration
Leadership and Mentoring

Pros & Cons for Demand Planner

✅ Pros

Opportunity to work at the heart of supply chain decision-making with direct business impact.
Career growth potential into supply chain leadership, analytics, and operations roles.
Strong demand for the role across various industries globally.
Utilization of cutting-edge technologies and data science in daily tasks.
Collaborative work environment involving multiple business units.
Competitive salaries and benefits as supply chain planning gains strategic importance.

❌ Cons

Pressure to meet tight forecasting deadlines and maintain accuracy.
Dealing with unpredictable external market factors that disrupt forecasts.
Complex reconciliation of conflicting inputs from sales, marketing, and operations.
Can involve repetitive data processing and reporting tasks.
Requires continuous learning to keep pace with evolving analytics tools.
Unexpected demand spikes or supply chain disruptions can cause stressful situations.

Common Mistakes of Beginners

Over-reliance on historical data without incorporating market changes and qualitative inputs.
Neglecting collaboration with sales and marketing teams to validate forecasts.
Failing to update forecasts regularly to reflect recent trends or disruptions.
Using overly complex models prematurely without necessary data quality.
Ignoring inventory policies and production constraints when forecasting demand.
Lack of clear documentation for assumptions and forecast methodologies.
Poor communication skills limiting stakeholder buy-in and understanding of forecasts.
Not leveraging available forecasting software capabilities fully to automate tasks.

Contextual Advice

Develop strong communication skills to translate data insights into actionable business strategies.
Build cross-functional relationships early to gain comprehensive demand perspective.
Continuously improve statistical and analytical competencies through courses and practice.
Adopt a flexible mindset to adjust forecasts rapidly when market conditions shift.
Document forecasting assumptions transparently to enhance accountability and clarity.
Master key demand planning software and stay updated on emerging technologies.
Participate actively in sales and operations planning meetings to align with organizational goals.
Seek mentorship from experienced planners and share knowledge with peers to grow collaboratively.

Examples and Case Studies

Transforming Demand Forecasting at a Global Consumer Goods Company

A multinational consumer goods company faced frequent stockouts and overstock situations due to inaccurate demand forecasts. By implementing SAP Integrated Business Planning (IBP) and adopting machine learning models for forecasting, the company improved forecast accuracy by 15%. The demand planning team collaborated closely with marketing to integrate promotion data and with procurement to align supply accordingly. This transformation reduced inventory carrying costs and improved product availability.

Key Takeaway: Leveraging advanced technology combined with cross-department collaboration significantly enhances forecast accuracy and operational efficiency.

Agile Demand Planning for an E-commerce Retailer

An e-commerce retailer experienced highly volatile demand with frequent peaks during promotions. They implemented a daily demand review process with real-time dashboards powered by Power BI and standardized data feeds from their CRM and ERP systems. Demand Planners used scenario simulations to anticipate demand surges and dynamically adjust procurement and fulfillment strategies.

Key Takeaway: Real-time data integration and agile forecasting processes enable quick response to dynamic demand environments.

Reducing Waste Through Demand Planning in a Food Manufacturing Company

Facing high product spoilage rates, a food manufacturer revamped its demand planning approach by incorporating seasonality, weather data, and local market trends into forecasts. Planners integrated R programming scripts for customized predictive models and collaborated with sustainability teams to align production with demand. As a result, waste decreased by 20% and customer service levels improved.

Key Takeaway: Incorporating diverse external data sources and sustainability goals into forecasts drives better business and environmental outcomes.

Portfolio Tips

While Demand Planners do not typically maintain traditional creative portfolios, developing a comprehensive professional portfolio can significantly boost your career prospects. This portfolio should showcase your forecasting projects, data analysis dashboards, and case studies of supply chain improvements you've led or contributed to. Include examples of reports you’ve generated with detailed explanations of the methodologies used, challenges faced, and business outcomes achieved.

Demonstrating proficiency with various demand planning software platforms, statistical tools, and data visualization solutions adds credibility. Showcasing automation initiatives, such as VBA macros or Python scripts you developed to streamline forecasting processes, highlights technical aptitude.

Qualitative elements like testimonials from managers or cross-functional colleagues, presentations delivered at company meetings, or training sessions you’ve led also strengthen your portfolio. Making sure your documentation communicates impact in clear, business-focused language helps non-technical stakeholders appreciate your value.

Given the confidential nature of company data, create generalized or anonymized examples where appropriate to protect proprietary information. Publicly sharing insights gained at industry conferences or blogs on demand planning trends can position you as a thought leader.

Organize your portfolio digitally on platforms like LinkedIn, your personal website, or shared cloud drives for easy access during interviews or performance reviews. Regularly update it with new projects and skills to reflect your growth over time. A robust portfolio paired with strong communication skills can differentiate you in a competitive job market and pave the way for leadership opportunities.

Job Outlook & Related Roles

Growth Rate: 8%
Status: Growing faster than average
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Related Roles

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a Demand Planner and a Supply Planner?

A Demand Planner focuses on forecasting customer demand based on historical sales data, market trends, and other external factors to predict how much product will be needed. A Supply Planner, on the other hand, uses these forecasts to plan inventory, production schedules, and procurement activities to meet demand efficiently. While Demand Planners predict 'what' and 'when' customers will want, Supply Planners determine 'how' the supply chain will fulfill that demand.

Which software tools are most important for a Demand Planner to learn?

Key software includes ERP platforms like SAP or Oracle for data integration, specialized demand planning tools such as SAP IBP, JDA Demand Planning, or Kinaxis RapidResponse for forecasting, and data visualization platforms like Tableau or Power BI for reporting. Advanced users also benefit from proficiency in Excel (including VBA), SQL for database querying, and programming languages like Python or R for customized analytics.

How can Demand Planners improve forecast accuracy?

Improving forecast accuracy relies on using accurate and diverse data inputs, collaborating closely with sales and marketing for qualitative insights, applying appropriate statistical models, and continuously measuring forecast performance to identify and correct errors. Incorporating scenario planning and adjusting forecasts regularly based on real-time information are also crucial.

Is demand planning a remote-friendly career?

While demand planning traditionally requires close collaboration with cross-functional teams which often benefits from in-person interaction, many aspects can be performed remotely with cloud-based planning tools and communication platforms. Post-pandemic trends show increased remote and hybrid work opportunities, though some companies prefer partial on-site presence, especially for meetings and training.

What certifications add value to a Demand Planner’s resume?

Certifications like APICS CPIM (Certified in Planning and Inventory Management) and CSCP (Certified Supply Chain Professional) are highly regarded. Additional certifications in data analytics, project management (PMP), or software-specific training (e.g., SAP IBP) also enhance employability and demonstrate a commitment to professional development.

What career advancement opportunities exist for Demand Planners?

Demand Planners can advance into senior planning roles, supply chain management, operations leadership, or specialized analytics roles. Some transition into roles such as Supply Chain Manager, Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) Manager, or Business Analyst. Leadership, technical expertise, and business acumen are vital for climbing these career ladders.

How does demand planning impact a company’s bottom line?

Accurate demand planning reduces inventory costs by minimizing excess stock and storage expenses, prevents lost sales due to stockouts, and improves customer satisfaction through better product availability. It contributes to efficient resource utilization and helps companies respond proactively to market changes, directly influencing profitability.

What are common challenges faced by Demand Planners?

Challenges include handling volatile or unpredictable demand, integrating data from multiple and sometimes unreliable sources, balancing conflicting priorities from sales and operations teams, adapting to new forecasting technologies, and managing the complexity of global supply chains. Navigating these challenges requires strong analytical and interpersonal skills.